NUMA is becoming more widespread in the marketplace, used on many systems, small or large, particularly with the advent of AMD Opteron systems. This paper will cover a summary of the current state of NUMA, and future developments, encompassing the VM subsystem, scheduler, topology (CPU, memory, I/O layouts including complex non-uniform layouts), userspace interface APIs, and network and disk I/O locality. It will take a broad-based approach, focusing on the challenges of creating subsystems that work for all machines (including AMD64, PPC64, IA-32, IA-64, etc.), rather than just one architecture.

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